Ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka Mercury: Nā ʻaoʻao a me nā hopena ʻo Dental Amalgam

ʻO ka mea maʻi ma ka moena me ke kauka e kūkākūkā nei i nā hopena a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao ma muli o ka mercury toxicity

ʻO nā hopena a me nā hopena o ka amalgam niho ka hopena o ka mercury i kēia mau hoʻopihapiha e loli e ka mea hoʻomanawanui ma muli o nā mea pilikia pilikino.

Inā ʻike ka poʻe āpau i nā hopena like a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao o nā mea ʻona kūlohelohe, maopopo ia i kēlā me kēia, a me kā lākou mau kauka, ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi mea ʻona kikoʻī i hopena i kahi hopena hopena - ka maʻi like like. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi i ka pane ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā mea ʻona e pili ana i ke kai e like me ka mercury amalgam mercury ma ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi i ko lākou mau kino ponoʻī.

Dental Amalgam Mercury: he aha ia?

Hoʻohana maʻamau nā miliona o nā kauka niho a puni ka honua i ka amalgam niho ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha i nā niho pala. Kuhi pinepine ʻia he "hoʻopiha kālā," ʻo nā amalgama niho āpau he 45-55% metallic mercury. ʻO Mercury kahi neurotoxin i ʻike ʻia e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā kānaka, ʻo ia hoʻi nā keiki, nā wahine hāpai, a me nā fetus. A ʻO ka hōʻike 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) ua aʻo ʻia no ka mercury: “Hiki iā ia ke hopena i nā hopena weliweli i ka hopohopo, digestive, respiratory, immune immune system a i nā puʻupaʻa, ma waho o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka hū. ʻO nā hopena olakino maikaʻi ʻole mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mercury: haʻalulu, ʻike maka ʻole ʻia a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana, ka maʻi lōlō, ka hiamoe ʻole, ka hoʻomau ʻole o ka naʻau, nā hemahema ulu i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal, a me ka hemahema o ka noʻonoʻo a me nā lohi ulu ʻana i ka wā kamaliʻi. Hōʻike nā noiʻi hou e ʻaʻohe paepae o ka mercury ma lalo kahi i kū ʻole ai kekahi mau hopena maikaʻi ʻole. "[1]

Aia kahi hana honua i alakaʻi ʻia e ka ʻO ka Polokalamu ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hoʻohana mercury, me ia o ka mercury niho,[2] a ua pāpā ʻē kekahi mau ʻāina i kona hoʻohana.[3]  Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā amalgams ma kahi o 45% o nā hoʻihoʻi niho pololei āpau o ka honua,[4] me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua koho ʻia aia ma kahi o 1,000 mau tona o ka mercury i ka waha o ko ʻAmelika, ʻoi aku i ka hapalua o ka mercury e hoʻohana ʻia nei i ka US i kēia lā.[5]

Kūlike nā hōʻike a me ka noiʻi e pili ana kēia mau hoʻopiha piha i ka mercury i nā mahu mercury,[6] [7] [8] a ʻoiai ua kapa ʻia kēia mau hoʻoponopono hou ʻana he "hoʻopiha kālā," "amalgam niho," a me / a i ʻole "hoʻopiha amalgam," [9] ʻike ʻole ka lehulehu i ka pili ʻana o ka amalgam i ka hoʻohui ʻia o nā metala ʻē aʻe me ka mercury.[10]

Nā ʻaoʻao a me nā hopena ʻo Amalgam Dental i pili iā Mercury i nā hoʻopihapiha

ʻO ke kuhi pono ʻana i nā "hopena maikaʻi maikaʻi ʻole" e pili ana i ka hoʻopiha ʻana o ka mercury niho i ka hoʻopihapiha ʻia e ka papa inoa huikau o nā pane i hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻano kumu o ka mea, i hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi o 250 mau kikoʻī kikoʻī.[11]  ʻO ka papa ma lalo iho nei kahi papa inoa pōkole o kekahi o nā ʻōuli i pili pinepine ʻia me ka inhalation o nā mahu mercury elemental (ʻo ia ka ʻano like o ka mercury i lawe mau ʻia mai nā hoʻopiha amalgam niho):

ʻO nā ʻōuli e pili pinepine ʻia me ka inhalation o nā mahu mercury elemental
ʻAcrodynia a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona like e like me ka hiki ʻole o ka naʻau, ka nele o ka makemake, ka nāwaliwali nui, a me nā loli o ka ʻili[12]
Anorexia[13]
Nā pilikia Cardiovascular/ labile pulse [hoʻololi pinepine i ka helu o ka puʻuwai] / tachycardia [ʻūʻū puʻuwai wikiwiki] [14]
Cognitive / neurological / hōʻino/ lilo / hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka hana noʻonoʻo / nā pilikia me ka hana waha a me ka ʻike ʻana[15] [16] [17] [18] [19]
Nā manaʻo hoʻopunipuni / delirium / hallucination[20] [21]
Nā kūlana dermatological/ dermographism [ʻano ʻili i ʻano ʻia e nā kaha ʻulaʻula i hāpai ʻia] / dermatitis[22] [23]
Hoʻohaunaele Endocrine/ hoʻonui o ka thyroid[24] [25]
ʻO Erethism [nā ʻōuli e like me ka huhū, nā pane kūpono ʻole i ka hoʻonāukiuki, a me ka paʻa ʻole o ka naʻau] [26] [27] [28] [29]
'Oloke[30] [31]
Headaches[32]
Ka lohe pepeiao[33]
Nā hōʻino kino ʻōnaehana[34] [35]
Kanikani'āʻula.[36]
Hoʻololi nā pane o ke aʻalolo/ neuropathy peripheral / hoʻoliʻiliʻi coordination / hoʻoliʻiliʻi kaʻa hana / polyneuropathy / neuromuscular loli e like me ka nāwaliwali, atrophy Muscle, a me twitching[37] [38] [39] [40] [41]
Nā hōʻike waha/ gingivitis / metallicʻono / oral leshenoid lesions /[42][43][44][45] [46] [47]
Nā pilikia pili i ka noʻonoʻo/ hoʻololi i ke ʻano e pili ana i ka huhū, ke kaumaha, ka pīhoihoi, ka huhū, ke ʻano o ka naʻau, a me ka makaʻu[48] [49] [50] [51]
Nā pilikia o ke kākoʻo [kidney]/ proteinuria / nephrotic maʻi pale[52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57]
Nā pilikia pilikia/ hoʻonāukiuki bronchial / bronchitis / uā / dispnea [pilikia hanu] / pneumonitis / hanu maikaʻi ʻole[58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64]
ʻO Shyness [hilahila nui loa] / ka haʻalele kaiāulu[65] [66]
Kūkā/ haʻalulu mercurial / haʻalulu manaʻo[67] [68] [69] [70] [71]
Weight lilo[72]

ʻAʻole ʻike nā mea maʻi a pau i ka hōʻailona like a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā hōʻailona. Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻōuli ma luna aʻe, ua palapala ka nui o nā noiʻi ʻana i nā makaʻu no nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka amalgam niho. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, pili ka ʻepekema i ka mercury i nā hoʻopiha amalgam me ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer,[73] [74] [75] sclerosis lateral amyotrophic (maʻi ʻo Lou Gehrig),[76] ke kūpale antibiotic,[77] [78][79][80] hopohopo,[81] nā maʻi maʻi autism,[82] [83] [84] nā maʻi autoimmune / immunodeficiency,[85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] nā pilikia puʻuwai,[95] [96] [97] maʻi luhi paʻa loa,[98] [99] [100] [101] hopohopo,[102] ʻaʻohe hānau keiki,[103] [104] ka maʻi hōki,[105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] sclerosis lehulehu,[113] [114] [115] [116] Maʻi ʻo Parkinson,[117] [118] [119] a me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe.[120]

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao Amalgam Dental a me nā mea hopena # 1: Ke ʻano o ka Mercury

ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he mea nui i ka loiloi ʻana i ka gamut o nā ʻōuli e pili ana i nā mea ʻona kūlohelohe: hiki ke loaʻa ka mercury i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hui ʻana, a hiki i kēia mau ʻano a me nā hui like ʻole ke hana i nā hopena ʻokoʻa i nā kānaka e hōʻike iā lākou. ʻO ke ʻano o ka mercury i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻopiha amalgam he mercury elemental (metallic), kahi ʻano like o ka mercury i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano thermometers (ka nui o nā mea i pāpā ʻia). I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka mercury i ka iʻa he methylmercury, a ʻo ka mercury i loko o ka lāʻau hoʻomalu lāʻau lapaʻau thimerosal he ethylmercury. ʻO nā ʻōuli āpau i wehewehe ʻia i ka ʻāpana mua e kikoʻī ana i ka mahu o ka mercury elemental, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hōʻike mercury e pili ana i nā hoʻopiha amalgam niho.

Nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao Amalgam Dental a me nā hopena o ka hopena # 2: Ka hopena o Mercury i nā hui ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke Kino.

ʻO kekahi kumu no ka laulā o nā ʻōuli, ʻo ka mercury i lawe ʻia i loko o ke kino e hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i loko o nā meaola āpau. E pili ana i nā hoʻopiha amalgam niho, ua ʻōlelo ʻo World Health Organization (WHO): "ʻO ka amalgam niho kahi kumu waiwai nui o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mercury elemental, me nā koho o ka lawe ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā mai nā hoʻoliʻiliʻi amalgam mai ka 1 a 27 μg / lā."[121]  Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ma 67 miliona mau ʻAmelika ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki a ʻoi paha i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahu mercury i manaʻo ʻia he "palekana" e ka US EPA ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā kinona amalgam mercury niho [a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 122 miliona mau ʻAmelika i ʻoi aku i ka lawe ʻana o ka mahu mercury. i manaʻo ʻia “palekana” e ka Kaleponi EPA ma muli o kā lākou hoʻopihapiha paʻa kālā mergury].[122]

Kuhi ʻia he 80% o ka mahu o ka mercury mai nā hoʻopiha amalgam i komo i nā māmā a hala i ke koena o ke kino.[123] ʻo ka lolo, hakuʻala, akepaʻa, akemāmā, a me nā wahi ʻōpū.[124]  Hoʻololi ka hapalua o ke ola o ka mercury metallic i ka mea i waiho ʻia ka mercury a me ka mokuʻāina.[125]   ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hapalua o ke ola o ka mercury i ke kino holoʻokoʻa a me nā wahi hakuʻala i 58 mau lā,[126] akā ʻo ka mercury i waiho ʻia i ka lolo hiki ke loaʻa i kahi ola hapa a i mau mau makahiki.[127]

Eia kekahi, lawe ʻia ka mahu o ka mercury i loko o ke kino i nā hui sulfhydryl o ka protein a me nā sulfur-i loaʻa i nā amino acid i loko o ke kino.[128]   ʻO ka mahu Mercury, ka mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia lipid, hiki ke hele i ka pale o ka lolo me ka maʻalahi a hoʻololi ʻia i mercury inorganic i loko o nā hunaola e ka catalase oxidation.[129]  Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mercury inorganic i ka glutathione a me nā protein cysteine ​​pūʻulu.[130] Kaomi ma aneʻi e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka nā ʻōuli a me nā hopena o ka mahu o ka mercury mahu.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao Amalgam Dental a me nā mea hopena # 3: nā hopena i lohi ʻia o ka Mercury

ʻOi aku ka makaʻala o nā hopena ʻona no ka mea hiki ke hala i mau makahiki i mau hōʻailona e hōʻike ai iā lākou iho, a me nā hōʻike o mua, keu hoʻi inā he pae haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa (e like me ka hihia pinepine mai nā hoʻopiha amalgam). me ka lohi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻōuli. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o kahi hana lohi ma hope o kahi hōʻike kemikala e kākoʻo ʻia e ka Ka ʻaoʻao o ka palekana a me ka Health Administration (OSHA) e pili ana i ka hōʻike kemika a me nā maʻi aʻe: "He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā hopena olakino lōʻihi e ulu ana i ka manawa, a ma hope paha o ka hōʻike pinepine ʻana [kemikali]. Hōʻike ʻia nā maʻi maʻi he mau latency lōʻihi o 20-30 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha. "[131]

Nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao Amalgam a me nā hopena hopena # 4: Nā Allergies i Mercury

Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ma 1993 e 3.9% o nā kumuhana olakino i hoʻāʻo maikaʻi no nā hopena metala i ka laulā.[132]  Inā pili kēia helu i ka heluna kanaka o US i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o nā maʻi āpau o nā niho hiki ke hiki i ka 12.5 miliona mau ʻAmelika. Pili pū kekahi, i ka 1972, ua hoʻoholo ka North American Contact Dermatitis Group e 5-8% o ka lehulehu o ka US i hōʻike kikoʻī i ka allergy i ka mercury e ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻili.[133] e like paha me 21 miliona mau ʻAmelika i kēia lā. Eia naʻe, hiki i kēia mau kiʻi ke ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma muli o nā noi hou ʻana a me nā hōʻike e ʻae nei i ka piʻi ʻana o nā maʻi āpau.[134] [135]

Ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo ʻole ʻia o ka hapanui o nā mea maʻi no ka maʻi mercury ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka amalgam niho, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻike ka miliona o nā ʻAmelika i ka maʻi o nā hoʻopiha i ko lākou waha. Ua wehewehe ʻia kahi ʻatikala e Hosoki a me Nishigawa ma 2011 no ke aha e aʻo ʻia ai nā kauka niho e pili ana i kēia hopena ʻaoʻao: "Hōʻike ka ʻikepili o kēia manawa e pono i nā kauka niho ke loaʻa hou ka ʻike loea e pili ana i ka allergy niho metala i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā mea maʻi i kā lākou mau keʻena lapaʻau."[136]

ʻO ka ionization o nā metala ke hana nui i kēia ʻano ʻano maʻi āpau. ʻOiai ke manaʻo ʻia he metala "kūpaʻa" ma ke ʻano he re-reactive, inā kū ka ionization o ka metala, hiki i kēia ke kumu i kahi pane maʻi. I ka lua o ka waha, hiki i ka ionization mai nā hoʻololi pH i hoʻomaka ʻia e ka lawai a me ka papaʻai.[137]  Hiki i nā kūlana electrolytic ke kumu i ka pala o nā metala niho a hana i nā kahe uila i kahi hanana i kapa ʻia he galvanism waha.[138]  ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka galvanism waha ma ke ʻano he mea nui i ka noʻonoʻo i nā metala niho.[139]  ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻia o ka mercury a me ke gula i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu maʻamau o ka hoʻowali ʻia ʻana o nā niho galvanic, hiki i nā metala ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻihoʻi niho ke hana like i kēia hopena.[140] [141] [142]

Ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi gamut o nā kūlana olakino i nā maʻi āpau o ka hao niho. Hoʻopili kēia i ka autoimmunity,[143] [144] maʻi luhi paʻa loa,[145] [146] [147] fibromyalgia,[148] [149] mea hoʻoheheʻe hao[150] mau sensitivities Nine Inch,[151] [152] sclerosis lehulehu,[153] myalgic encephalitis,[154] nā lehelehe lichenoid waha,[155] [156] [157] [158] [159] granulomatosis orofacial,[160] a hiki i ka infertility.[161]

Nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao Amalgam a me nā hopena hopena # 5: Genetic Predisposition

ʻIke genetic i ka strand DNA

ʻO nā Genetics kahi mea nui e noʻonoʻo ai i ka loiloi ʻana i ka makaʻi no ka hopena i nā hoʻopiha mercury amalgam niho.

Ua nānā ʻia ka pilikia o ka predisposition genetical i kekahi kikoʻī, nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mercury i kekahi mau noiʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua pili nā mea noiʻi i nā hopena neurobeh behavioral mai ka hōʻike mercury me kahi polymorphism genetical kikoʻī. Ua hoʻopili nā mea noiʻi o kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma 2006 i ka polymorphism, CPOX4 (no ka coproporphyrinogen oxidase, exon 4), e hoʻēmi i ka wikiwiki o ka visuomotor a me nā hōʻailona o ke kaumaha i nā ʻoihana niho.[162]  Hoʻohui ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia ka lauwili ʻōiwi CPOX4 ma ke ʻano he kumu no nā pilikia neurobeh behavioral i ke aʻo ʻana i nā keiki me nā amalgams niho. Ua hoʻomaopopo nā kānaka noiʻi, "… i waena o nā keikikāne, ua ʻike ʻia nā hopena pili nui he nui ma waena o CPOX4 a me Hg [mercury] e puni ana i nā kāʻei ʻelima o ka hana neurobeh behavioral ... ʻO kēia mau hopena ka mea mua e hōʻike i ka maʻalahi o ka genetic i nā hopena neurobeh behavioral maikaʻi ʻole o ka Hg [mercury] i nā keiki. ”[163]

ʻO ka hiki o kēia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa kikoʻī e hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hopena o ke kino i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mercury niho i loaʻa i ka nānā i ka pāpāho mainstream. A ʻAtikala 2016 na Greg Gordon o McClatchy News i hui pū ʻia me nā nīnauele me kekahi o nā mea noiʻi o ka noiʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. ʻO Markedly, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka James Woods: "'Iwakāluakūmālika pākēneka i 50 pākēneka o nā kānaka i loaʻa i kēia mau (ʻano ʻokoʻa."[164]  I loko o ka ʻatikala like, ua kūkākūkā ʻo Kauka Diana Echeverria "i kahi pōpilikia o ke ola" e pili ana i kēia heluna kanaka, a ua wehewehe ʻo ia: "'ʻAʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi pilikia iki."[165]

ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka maʻalahi genetika e pili ana i ka makaʻu mercury niho i kūpono i ka nānā ʻana ʻo ia ka APOE4 (Apo-lipoprotein E4) ʻano ʻokoʻa. Ua loaʻa kahi noiʻi 2006 i kahi pilina ma waena o nā kānaka me APOE4 a me ka ʻino mau o ka mercury.[166]  Ua ʻike ʻia ua like ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hemo ʻana o nā hoʻopihapiha amalgam niho i hopena i ka “hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi,” a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻōuli i helu ʻia ʻo ia ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo. He mea hoihoi loa ka ʻōuli o ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo, ʻoiai ʻo APOE4 i pili pū ʻia me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka maʻi Alzheimer.[167] [168] [169]

ʻO ka mea nui, nā mea kākau o kahi noiʻi i loaʻa kahi pilina ma waena o ka helu o nā mercury hoʻopiha a me nā hopena neurotoxic no ka poʻe me ka genotype APOE i wehewehe: "APO-E genotyping warrants investigation as a clinically effective biomarker for those at more risk of neuropathology, with AD [Alzheimer's maʻi], ke waiho ʻia i kahi hōʻike no ka wā lōʻihi o ka mercury ... hiki i kēia manawa ke loaʻa kahi manawa kūpono no nā limahana olakino mua e kōkua e ʻike i ka poʻe i ʻoi aku ka pilikia a hiki i ka ululāʻau neoneo.[170]

Ma mua o CPOX4 a me APOE, nā ʻano kūʻikena i nānā ʻia no ka hui pū ʻana me nā kūlana olakino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hōʻike mercury me BDNF (neurotropic factor i loaʻa i ka lolo),[171] [172] [173] nā polymorphisms metallothionein (MT), [174] [175] Nā ʻano catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT),[176] a me nā hoʻololi MTHFR a me nā ʻano PON1.[177]  Ua hoʻopau nā mea kākau o kekahi o kēia mau noiʻi: "Hiki paha i ka mercury kumumea ke ukali i ka mōʻaukala o ke kepau, a ma hope e manaʻo ʻia he neurotoxin ma nā pae haʻahaʻa loa."[178]

 Nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao Amalgam a me nā hopena hopena # 6: Nā Manaʻo ʻē aʻe

ʻOiai me ka ʻike e hiki i nā maʻi āpau a me ka maʻalahi o ka genetic ke pāʻani i ka hopena i ka amalgam niho, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe i pili pū i nā pilikia olakino o ka mercury.[179]  Ma waho o ke kaupaona a me nā makahiki o kēlā me kēia, ka helu o nā hoʻopiha amalgam i ka waha,[180] [181] [182] [183] [184] [185] [186] [187] [188] [189] [190] [191] [192] wahine [193] [194] [195] [196] [197] niho niho,[198]  pae selenium,[199] ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kēpau (Pb),[200] [201] [202] [203] ka ʻai ʻana i ka waiū[204] [l05] a i ʻole ka ʻona,[206] nā pae methylmercury mai ka iʻa iʻa,[207] ka hiki no ka mercury mai nā hoʻopiha amalgam niho e hoʻololi ʻia i methylmercury i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka,[208] [209] [210] [211] [212] [213] a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe[214] [215] hiki ke pāʻani i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia kanaka pane i ka mercury. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike nā papa ma lalo o 30 mau loli ʻokoʻa e hiki ke hoʻohuli i nā hopena i ka mercury niho.[216]

Panina e pili ana i nā Mercury Fillings / Dental Amalgam ʻaoʻao a me nā hopena

ʻO nā kumu e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka mercury mai ka hoʻopiha ʻana o ka mercury niho
Ka makahiki o ka piha ʻana o ka mercury niho
Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, anai ʻana, a me nā kaʻina hana niho ʻē aʻe
Nā ʻike o nā pono ʻē aʻe i kāwili ʻia me ka mercury, e like me ka piʻina, keleawe, kālā, a pēlā aku.
Kahua niho kahua
Ka hōʻino ʻana o ka hoʻopiha ʻana o ka mercury dental mercury
ʻO nā ʻano e like me ka palaki ʻana, ka bruxism, ka nau ʻana (me ka nau ʻana i ka gum, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka nikotine gum), ka ʻai ʻana i nā wai wela, nā papaʻai (ʻo ia hoʻi nā meaʻai ʻakika), puhipaka, a pēlā aku.
Nā maʻi i loko o ka waha
Ka helu o nā hoʻopihapiha amalgam mercury niho
ʻO nā metala ʻē aʻe i ka waha, e like me nā hoʻopiha gula a i ʻole nā ​​implants titanium
Nā aʻa aʻa a me nā hana niho ʻē aʻe
Maʻiʻo saliva
Ka nui o ka hoʻopiha ʻana o ka mercury niho
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻopiha ʻana o ka mercury niho
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana a me nā hana palekana i ka wā e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka mercury kahua niho amalgam
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana i ke kau ʻana i ka mercury niho amalgam i ka hoʻopihapiha
Nā ʻano pilikino a me nā kūlana e pili ana i ka pane hōʻike hōʻike mercury
ʻAkohola inu wai
Allergy a hypersensitivity i ka mercury
ʻO nā koʻohune, me ke kūpaʻa kūpaʻa a me ka pale antibiotic
Burdens i loko o nā ʻokana a me nāʻaʻaʻa e like me ka hakuʻala, ka pituitary gland, ka ate, a me ka lolo
ʻai
Hoʻohana lāʻau lāʻau (kuhikuhi, leʻaleʻa, a me nā mea hōʻalo)
hoʻokō '
Hōʻike i nā ʻano mercury ʻē aʻe (ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻai iʻa), kēpau, haumia, a me nā mea ʻona (i kēia manawa a i ʻole ma mua)
Hōʻailona ʻia ka fetal a i ʻole ka umauma i ka mercury, kēpau, a me nā lāʻau ʻona
hoohanau
Nā ʻano genetic a me nā ʻano
Infections
ʻO nā microbes i ka gastrointestinal tract
Hoʻohana waiū
Nā pae momona, ʻo ke keleawe hoʻi, zinc, a me ka selenium
Hōʻike ka hana i nā mea ʻona
ʻO ke olakino holoʻokoʻa
Parasites a me nā heleminths
Kaumaha / ʻehaʻeha
hū

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka manaʻo o nā kemika he nui e launa pū ana i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka e hana i ka olakino pono e ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā lāʻau o kēia lā. ʻO nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo Jack Schubert, E. Joan Riley, a me Sylvanus A. Tyler i ʻōlelo i kēia ʻano pili loa o nā mea ʻona i loko o kahi ʻepekema i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1978. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka laha ʻana o nā hōʻike kemika, ua ʻōlelo lākou: "No laila, pono e ʻike i ka hiki nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ʻelua a ʻoi paha agena i mea e loiloi ai i nā weliweli o ka hana a me ke kaiapuni a hoʻonohonoho i nā pae i ʻae ʻia. "[217]

He mea nui loa kēia i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i hiki i nā kānaka ke hōʻike i nā mea like ʻole ma o ko lākou home, ka hana, a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻike i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he fetus no ko lākou hiki ke hāʻawi i nā pilikia olakino ma hope o ke ola.

ʻIke loa, ke ala kikoʻī e pane ai ke kino o ke kanaka i kahi lāʻau ʻona kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā kūlana a me nā kūlana. ʻO nā mea i wehewehe ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala he hapa wale nō ia o nā ʻāpana he nui i ka puzzle o nā hopena olakino maikaʻi e pili ana i nā hōʻike ʻawahia. ʻO ka ʻepekema ma hope o ka mercury niho Hōʻike i ka mea e maopopo piha ai i nā maʻi o ke kaiapuni, pono mākou e ʻike e like me kēlā me kēia ʻano lāʻau ʻona ke kū hoʻokahi, pēlā nō ka hopena o kēlā me kēia kanaka e kēlā ʻano ʻino. Ke ʻae mākou i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, hāʻawi pū mākou iā mākou iho i ka manawa kūpono e hana i kahi wā e hiki mai ana kahi hoʻohui paʻa hou nā niho a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka mahalo ākea e pane like kēlā me kēia mea maʻi i nā mea a me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa. Hāʻawi pū mākou iā mākou iho i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻohana i nā huahana ʻoi aku ka palekana e hōʻemi ana i ka ukana ʻona āpau i loko o kā mākou kino a hana i ke ala i ke olakino hou.

E hoʻomaopopo '

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[2] Polokalamu Kaiaulu ʻo Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻAha Kūkākūkā ʻo Minamata no Mercury: Kikokikona a me nā Annexes. 2013: 48. Loaʻa mai ka UNEP's Minamata Convention ma ka pūnaewele pūnaewele Mercury: http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Portals/11/documents/Booklets/Minamata%20Convention%20on%20Mercury_booklet_English.pdf. Loaʻa iā Kēkēmapa 15, 2015.

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[5] ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Kūlohelohe ʻAmelika.  Ke aʻo ʻana i ka mākeke ʻo International Mercury a me ke kuleana a me ka hopena o ke kulekele kūlohelohe o US. 2004.

[6] Kanaka Ola. ʻO ka palekana o Amalgam kahua niho. Ottawa, ʻAkekona; 1996: 4. Loaʻa mai: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/alt_formats/hpfb-dgpsa/pdf/md-im/dent_amalgam-eng.pdf. Loaʻa iā Kēkēmapa 22, 2015.

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[9] ʻAhahui kahua niho ʻAmelika. Kahua niho Amalgam: Overview. http://www.ada.org/2468.aspx [Haki ka loulou i kēia manawa, akā ua kiʻi mua ʻia ma Pepeluali 17, 2013].

[10] Nā mea kūʻai mai no ke koho kahua niho.  Kuhi hewa ʻana.  Wakinekona, DC: Nā mea kūʻai aku no ke koho kahua niho; ʻAukake 2014. p. 4. Kūkala no ka pūnaewele ʻo Dentistry Free Mercury.  http://www.toxicteeth.org/measurablymisleading.aspx. Loaʻa iā Mei 4, 2015.

[11] Rice KM, Walker EM, Wu M, Gillette C, Blough ER. Ka mercury ākea a me nā hopena ʻona. Ka Nūpepa o ka Medicine Preventive a me ke olakino lehulehu. ^ E Ha yM. 2014 Mar 31; 47 (2): 74-83.

[12] Magos L, Clarkson TW. ʻO ka nānā ākea o ka maʻi kino o ka mercury. Nā Kānana o Biochemistry Klinika. 2006; 43 (4): 257-268.

[13] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[14] Klassen CD, hoʻoponopono. ʻO Casarette & Toxicology o Doull (Hoʻolaha 7). Nu Ioka: Kauka Lapaʻau ʻo McGraw-Hill; 2008: 949.

[15] ʻO Clarkson TW, ʻo Magos L. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury a me nā mea hoʻohui kemika. Nā loiloi koʻikoʻi ma Toxicology. 2006; 36 (8): 609-662.

[16] ʻO Echeverria D, Aposhian HV, Woods JS, Heyer NJ, Aposhian MM, Bittner AC, Mahurin RK, Cianciola M. Nā hopena Neurobeh behavioral mai ke kū ʻana i ka amalgam niho: nā ʻokoʻa hou ma waena o ka hōʻike hou ʻana a me ka Hg kaumaha o ke kino. Ka Nupepa FASEB. 1998; 12(11): 971-980.

[17] Magos L, Clarkson TW. ʻO ka nānā ākea o ka maʻi kino o ka mercury. Nā Kānana o Biochemistry Klinika. 2006; 43 (4): 257-268.

[18] ʻO Syversen T, Kaur P. Ke ʻano ʻona o ka mercury a me nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia. Ka Nūpepa o nā mea e ʻike ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka biology. 2012; 26 (4): 215-226.

[19] ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Kūlohelohe ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USEPA). Nā hopena olakino o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mercury: nā hopena elemental (metallic) mercury. Loaʻa mai:  https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury#metallic. Hoʻohou hope loa Ianuali 15, 2016.

[20] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[21] ʻO Syversen T, Kaur P. Ke ʻano ʻona o ka mercury a me nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia. Ka Nūpepa o nā mea e ʻike ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka biology. 2012; 26 (4): 215-226.

[22] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[23] Klassen CD, hoʻoponopono. ʻO Casarette & Toxicology o Doull (Hoʻolaha 7). Nu Ioka: Kauka Lapaʻau ʻo McGraw-Hill; 2008: 949.

[24] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[25] Klassen CD, hoʻoponopono. ʻO Casarette & Toxicology o Doull (Hoʻolaha 7). Nu Ioka: Kauka Lapaʻau ʻo McGraw-Hill; 2008: 949.

[26] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[27] ʻO Clarkson TW, Magos L, Myers GJ. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury — nā hōʻike i kēia manawa a me nā hōʻike maʻi. ʻO ka nūpepaʻo New England Journal of Medicine. 2003; 349 (18): 1731-1737.

[28] ʻO Clarkson TW, ʻo Magos L. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury a me nā mea hoʻohui kemika. Nā loiloi koʻikoʻi ma Toxicology. 2006; 36 (8): 609-662.

[29] Magos L, Clarkson TW. ʻO ka nānā ākea o ka maʻi kino o ka mercury. Nā Kānana o Biochemistry Klinika. 2006; 43 (4): 257-268.

[30] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[31] ʻO Echeverria D, Aposhian HV, Woods JS, Heyer NJ, Aposhian MM, Bittner AC, Mahurin RK, Cianciola M. Nā hopena Neurobeh behavioral mai ke kū ʻana i ka amalgam niho: nā ʻokoʻa hou ma waena o ka hōʻike hou ʻana a me ka Hg kaumaha o ke kino. Ka Nupepa FASEB. 1998; 12(11): 971-980.

[32] ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Kūlohelohe ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USEPA). Nā hopena olakino o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mercury: nā hopena elemental (metallic) mercury. Loaʻa mai:  https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury#metallic. Hoʻohou hope loa Ianuali 15, 2016.

[33] ʻO Rothwell JA, Boyd PJ. ʻO ka hoʻopiha niho ʻo Amalgam a me ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe. Ka Nūpepa'Āina o Audiology. 2008; 47 (12): 770-776.

[34] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[35] ʻO Clarkson TW, ʻo Magos L. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury a me nā mea hoʻohui kemika. Nā loiloi koʻikoʻi ma Toxicology. 2006; 36 (8): 609-662.

[36] ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Kūlohelohe ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USEPA). Nā hopena olakino o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mercury: nā hopena elemental (metallic) mercury. Loaʻa mai:  https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury#metallic. Hoʻohou hope loa Ianuali 15, 2016.

[37] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[38] ʻO Clarkson TW, Magos L, Myers GJ. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury — nā hōʻike i kēia manawa a me nā hōʻike maʻi. ʻO ka nūpepaʻo New England Journal of Medicine. 2003; 349 (18): 1731-1737.

[39] ʻO Clarkson TW, ʻo Magos L. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury a me nā mea hoʻohui kemika. Nā loiloi koʻikoʻi ma Toxicology. 2006; 36 (8): 609-662.

[40] ʻO Echeverria D, Aposhian HV, Woods JS, Heyer NJ, Aposhian MM, Bittner AC, Mahurin RK, Cianciola M. Nā hopena Neurobeh behavioral mai ke kū ʻana i ka amalgam niho: nā ʻokoʻa hou ma waena o ka hōʻike hou ʻana a me ka Hg kaumaha o ke kino. Ka Nupepa FASEB. 1998; 12(11): 971-980.

[41] ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Kūlohelohe ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USEPA). Nā hopena olakino o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mercury: nā hopena elemental (metallic) mercury. Loaʻa mai:  https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury#metallic. Hoʻohou hope loa Ianuali 15, 2016.

[42] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[43] Camisa C, Taylor JS, Bernat JR, Helm TN. Kāhea aku i ka hypersensitivity i ka mercury i loko o nā hoʻoliʻiliʻi amalgam i mimic oral lichen planus. Kutis. 1999; 63 (3): 189-192.

[44] ʻO Clarkson TW, Magos L, Myers GJ. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury — nā hōʻike i kēia manawa a me nā hōʻike maʻi. ʻO ka nūpepaʻo New England Journal of Medicine. 2003; 349 (18): 1731-1737.

[45] ʻO Clarkson TW, ʻo Magos L. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury a me nā mea hoʻohui kemika. Nā loiloi koʻikoʻi ma Toxicology. 2006; 36 (8): 609-662.

[46] Klassen CD, hoʻoponopono. ʻO Casarette & Toxicology o Doull (Hoʻolaha 7). Nu Ioka: Kauka Lapaʻau ʻo McGraw-Hill; 2008: 949.

[47] Magos L, Clarkson TW. ʻO ka nānā ākea o ka maʻi kino o ka mercury. Nā Kānana o Biochemistry Klinika. 2006; 43 (4): 257-268.

[48] ʻO Echeverria D, Aposhian HV, Woods JS, Heyer NJ, Aposhian MM, Bittner AC, Mahurin RK, Cianciola M. Nā hopena Neurobeh behavioral mai ke kū ʻana i ka amalgam niho: nā ʻokoʻa hou ma waena o ka hōʻike hou ʻana a me ka Hg kaumaha o ke kino. Ka Nupepa FASEB. 1998; 12(11): 971-980.

[49] Klassen CD, hoʻoponopono. ʻO Casarette & Toxicology o Doull (Hoʻolaha 7). Nu Ioka: Kauka Lapaʻau ʻo McGraw-Hill; 2008: 949.

[50] Magos L, Clarkson TW. ʻO ka nānā ākea o ka maʻi kino o ka mercury. Nā Kānana o Biochemistry Klinika. 2006; 43 (4): 257-268.

[51] ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Kūlohelohe ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USEPA). Nā hopena olakino o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mercury: nā hopena elemental (metallic) mercury. Loaʻa mai:  https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury#metallic. Hoʻohou hope loa Ianuali 15, 2016.

[52] Bernhoft RA. ʻO ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka mālama ʻana o Mercury: he loiloi i nā puke. Ka Nūpepa o ka Environmental a me ka Ola Ola. 2011 Dec 22; 2012.

[53] ʻO Clarkson TW, Magos L, Myers GJ. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury — nā hōʻike i kēia manawa a me nā hōʻike maʻi. ʻO ka nūpepaʻo New England Journal of Medicine. 2003; 349 (18): 1731-1737.

[54] ʻO Clarkson TW, ʻo Magos L. ʻO ka toxicology o ka mercury a me nā mea hoʻohui kemika. Nā loiloi koʻikoʻi ma Toxicology. 2006; 36 (8): 609-662.

[55] Klassen CD, hoʻoponopono. ʻO Casarette & Toxicology o Doull (Hoʻolaha 7). Nu Ioka: Kauka Lapaʻau ʻo McGraw-Hill; 2008: 949.

[56] ʻO Syversen T, Kaur P. Ke ʻano ʻona o ka mercury a me nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia. Ka Nūpepa o nā mea e ʻike ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka biology. 2012; 26 (4): 215-226.

[57] ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Kūlohelohe ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USEPA). Nā hopena olakino o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mercury: nā hopena elemental (metallic) mercury. Loaʻa mai:  https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury#metallic. Hoʻohou hope loa Ianuali 15, 2016.

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Nā Mea kākau ʻatikala ʻo Mercury niho

( Kumu, Mea Hana Kiʻiʻoniʻoni, Philanthropist )

Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Kauka David Kennedy i ka niho niho no nā makahiki he 30 a ua haʻalele ʻo ia mai ka hana lapaʻau ma 2000. ʻO ia ka Pelekikena mua o ka IAOMT a ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā kauka niho a me nā ʻoihana olakino ʻē aʻe a puni ka honua e pili ana i nā kumuhana o ke olakino niho preventive, mercury toxicity, a me ka fluoride. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Kauka Kennedy ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo no ka wai inu palekana, lāʻau lapaʻau olaola a he alakaʻi i ʻike ʻia ma ke kahua o ka mālama niho pale. ʻO Kauka Kennedy ka mea kākau a me ke alakaʻi o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni palapala lanakila lanakila ʻo Fluoridegate.

Ua loaʻa iā Dr. Griffin Cole, MIAOMT kāna Mastership ma ka International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology i ka makahiki 2013 a ua kākau ʻo ia i ka Brochure Fluoridation a ka Academy a me ka manaʻo ʻepekema ʻepekema ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Ozone i ka lāʻau aʻa. He Pelekikena mua ʻo ia o ka IAOMT a lawelawe ʻo ia ma ka Papa Hoʻokele, ke Kōmike Mentor, ke Kōmike Fluoride, ke Kōmike Kūkākūkā a ʻo ia ka Luna Hoʻokele Fundamentals Course.

Kaomi ma aneʻi no kahi mana kikoʻī o kēia palapala me nā ʻike ʻepekema
Dental Amalgam Mercury a me Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo a me nā kūmole

Ua hoʻopili ka ʻepekema i ka mercury ma ke ʻano he kumu pilikia i ka sclerosis (MS) he nui, a ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i kēia kumuhana e pili ana i nā hoʻopiha mercury amalgam niho.

Dental Amalgam Mercury a me Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo a me nā kūmole
Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka loiloi weliweli no Dental Amalgam Mercury

Pono ke kumuhana o ka loiloi pilikia i ka paio inā he palekana ʻo amalgam no ka hoʻohana palena ʻole ʻia.

Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka loiloi weliweli no Dental Amalgam Mercury
pepa kūlana iaomt amalgam
ʻO ka pepa hoʻonohonoho IAOMT e kūʻē iā Dental Mercury Amalgam

Aia i loko o kēia palapala piha kahi puke puke puke nui e pili ana i ke kumuhana o ka mercury niho ma ke ʻano he 900 mau kaha puanaʻī.

ʻO ka pepa hoʻonohonoho IAOMT e kūʻē iā Dental Mercury Amalgam

Nā Hoʻopiha Amalgam Dental Mercury: Nā hopena a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao